在 JavaScript 中自動滾動到頁面底部

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  4. 在 JavaScript 中自動滾動到頁面底部
Mehvish Ashiq 2023年12月11日
JavaScript JavaScript Scroll
  1. 使用 JavaScript scrollTo 函式滾動到底部
  2. 使用 JavaScript scrollIntoView 函式滾動到底部
  3. 使用 JavaScript scrollTop 函式滾動到底部
  4. 使用 JavaScript ScrollingElement 函式滾動到底部
  5. 使用 JavaScript scrollBy 函式滾動到底部
在 JavaScript 中自動滾動到頁面底部

我們旨在向你介紹使用 JavaScript 自動滾動到頁面底部的不同方法。本教程還教你滾動到帶有和不帶有動畫的螢幕上的特定座標。

使用 JavaScript scrollTo 函式滾動到底部

HTML 程式碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Scroll Automatically</title>
  </head>
  <body id='main_body'>
      <button id="bottompage">Bottom</button>
      <div id="headingone">
           <h1>Heading One</h1>
           <img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-      		 background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      
           b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			   alt="Programming Picture">
           <p>
           Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum 			 has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown 			   printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has 			   survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, 			   remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of 		   Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop 				   publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
           </p>
      </div>
 	  <div id="headingtwo">
 		<h1>Heading Two</h1>
 		<img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-      		  background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      
        b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			alt="Programming Picture">
 		<img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-      		  background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      
        b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			alt="Programming Picture">
        <p>
        Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum 			has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown 			    printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has 			survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, 			    remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of 		    Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop 				publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
        </p>
     </div>
     <div id="headingthree">
       <h1>Heading Three</h1>
       <img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-      		 background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      
       b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			   alt="Programming Picture">
 	   <p>
       Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem         	   Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an         		   unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen         		   book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic         	   typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s          		   with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more           		   recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions           		of Lorem Ipsum.
 	   </p>
 	</div>
 	<h1> Hi There! </h1>
 </body>
</html>

CSS 程式碼：

button{
 float:right;
 background-color:yellow;
 color:red;
}

JavaScript 程式碼：

document.querySelector('#bottompage').addEventListener('click', () => {
  window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);
})

上面給出的程式碼選擇了 id 值為 bottompage 的標籤元素。每當單擊它時，就會觸發一個滾動到頁面底部（垂直滾動）的事件，因為 x 設定為 0，y 設定為 document.body.scrollHeight，即 1655px。

scrollTo 函式用於將 document 滾動到提供的網頁座標。如果滾動條可見並且文件與螢幕相比較大，則此方法有效。

scrollTo() 方法的兩個引數都是必需的。引數 x 以畫素為單位表示水平滾動多少，而以畫素為單位表示垂直滾動的量為 y。

你可能正在考慮如何計算高度？為此，你可以閱讀 this 以瞭解所有高度計算。

使用 JavaScript scrollIntoView 函式滾動到底部

HTML 程式碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
 	<title>Scroll Automatically</title>
 </head>
 <body id='main_body'>
 	<p>
    Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum      	has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer         took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not         only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially         unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing         Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus               PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
    </p>
 
 	<a id="heading_one" href="javascript:void(0)">Heading 1</a>
 	<a id="heading_two" href="javascript:void(0)">Heading 2</a>
 	<a id="heading_three" href="javascript:void(0)">Heading 3</a>
 
	<div id="headingone">
 		<h1>Heading One</h1>
 		<img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-        	 background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      
        b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			alt="Programming Picture">
 		<p>
        Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem        		Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an         		unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen            		  book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic        		  typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s           		  with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more           		  recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions         		of Lorem Ipsum.
 		</p>
 	</div>
 	<div id="headingtwo">
 		<h1>Heading Two</h1>
 		<img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-        	 background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      
        b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			alt="Programming Picture">
 		<p>
        Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem        		Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an         		unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen            		  book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic        		  typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s           		  with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more           		  recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions         		of Lorem Ipsum.
 		</p>
 		<ul>
           <li>List one in heading two</li>
           <li>List two in heading two</li>
           <li id="list3">List three in heading two</li>
           <li>List four in heading two</li>
           <li>List five in heading two</li>
           <li>List six in heading two</li>
           <li>List seven in heading two</li>
           <li>List eight in heading two</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
 	<div id="headingthree">
 		<h1>Heading Three</h1>
 		<img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-      		  background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      
        b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			alt="Programming Picture">
 		<p>
        Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem        		Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an         		unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen            		  book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic        		  typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s           		  with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more           		  recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions         		of Lorem Ipsum.
 		</p>
   </div>
   <h1> Hi There! </h1>
 </body>
</html>

CSS 程式碼：

button{
 float:right;
 background-color:yellow;
 color:red;
}
a{
 display: block;
}

JavaScript 程式碼：

let hone = document.querySelector('#heading_one');
let listthree = document.querySelector('#list3');
hone.addEventListener('click', navigatelistthree, false);

function navigatelistthree(e) {
  listthree.scrollIntoView({behavior: 'smooth'});
}

在此示例程式碼中，querySelector 獲取第一個具有 id 屬性值為 heading_one 的元素並將其儲存到 hone 變數中。之後，它選擇第一個具有 id 值的元素作為 list3 並將其儲存到名為 listthree 的變數中。

每當你單擊 Heading 1 超連結時，navigatelistthree 方法就會執行。此函式將你帶到標題 2 下的第三個列表項，寫為標題二中的列表三。

scrollIntoView 方法可幫助你滾動檢視中的元素。它用於你希望突出顯示特定元素並希望滾動它的地方。

該方法接受一個引數；它可以是一個布林值或一個物件。

你可以使用 scrollIntoView() 立即跳轉到你想要的元素。或者，你可以使用 behavior 屬性平滑滾動。

檢查此連結以瞭解有關 scrollIntoView() 函式引數的更多資訊。

使用 JavaScript scrollTop 函式滾動到底部

HTML 程式碼：

<div id="boxcontent">
 <div class="maincontent">
     Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has    		been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a  	   galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five      centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.        It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum        passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including      versions of Lorem Ipsum.
   
     Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has    		been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a  	   galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five      centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.        It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum        passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including      versions of Lorem Ipsum.
   
     Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has    		been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a  	   galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five      centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.        It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum        passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including      versions of Lorem Ipsum.
   
     Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has    		been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a  	   galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five      centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.        It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum        passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including      versions of Lorem Ipsum.
   
     Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has    		been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a  	   galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five      centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.        It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum        passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including      versions of Lorem Ipsum.
   
     Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has    		been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a  	   galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five      centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.        It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum        passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including      versions of Lorem Ipsum.
  </div>
</div>
<button id="button">Scroll to Bottom</button>

CSS 程式碼：

#boxcontent {
 height: 200px;
 width: 300px;
 overflow: scroll;
 width: 300px;
}
.maincontent {
 width: 100%;
 height: 400px;
}

JavaScript 程式碼：

document.getElementById('button').addEventListener('click', function() {
  var element = document.getElementById('boxcontent');
  element.scrollTop = element.scrollHeight;
});

首先，如果你單擊滾動到底部按鈕，則會選擇 id 值為按鈕的元素。然後，選擇 id 屬性值為 boxcontent 的另一個元素並將其儲存到 element 變數中。

它會將你帶到內容框的末尾，該內容框是可滾動的，因為 element.scrollHeight 的值已分配給 element.scrollTop。你可以在此處檢視更多詳細資訊以進行練習。

JavaScript 中名為 scrollTop 的屬性設定或獲取元素內容垂直滾動的畫素數。

如果 non-scrollable 屬性與元素相關聯，scrollTop 值將為零。或者元素沒有溢位。請記住，如果有負值，此屬性會將自身設定為 ZERO。

使用 JavaScript ScrollingElement 函式滾動到底部

HTML 程式碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
 	<title>Scroll Automatically</title>
 </head>
 <body id='main_body'>
 	<button id="bottompage">Bottom</button>
 	<div id="headingone">
 		<h1>Heading One</h1>
 		<img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-             			technology-background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                   			b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			alt="Programming Picture">
 		<p>
        Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum 			has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer 		  took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not 		   only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially 		 unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing 		   Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus 				PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
 		</p>
   </div>
   <div id="headingtwo">
 		<h1>Heading Two</h1>
 		<img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-      		  background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      					b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			alt="Programming Picture">
 		<p>
        Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem        	 	Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an         		unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.       		 It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic           			typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with        		  the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently         		with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem         		  Ipsum.
 		</p>
   </div>
   <div id="headingthree">
 		<h1>Heading Three</h1>
 		<img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-      		  background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      					b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			alt="Programming Picture">
 		<p>
        Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem        		Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an         		unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.       		 It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic           			typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with        		  the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently         		with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem         		  Ipsum.
 		</p>
   </div>
   <h1> Hi There! </h1>
 </body>
</html>

CSS 程式碼：

button{
 float:right;
 background-color:yellow;
 color:red;
}

JavaScript 程式碼：

document.querySelector('#bottompage').addEventListener('click', () => {
  var scrollingElement = (document.scrollingElement || document.body);
  scrollingElement.scrollTop = scrollingElement.scrollHeight;
})

上面給出的程式碼選擇帶有 id 作為 bottompage 的標籤元素。

當你單擊 id 值為 bottompage 的元素時，將觸發一個事件。之後，根元素（HTML 標籤）或 body 標籤（任何可用的）的引用儲存在名為 scrollingElement 的變數中。

此外，由於將 scrollingElement.scrollHeight 的值分配給 scrollingElement.scrollTop，scrollTop 的值從 0px 更改為 1310px。

使用 JavaScript scrollBy 函式滾動到底部

HTML 程式碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
 	<title>Scroll Automatically</title>
 </head>
 <body id='main_body'>
 	<div id="headingone">
 		<h1>Heading One</h1>
 		<img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-      		  background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      					b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			alt="Programming Picture">
 		<p>
        Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum      	 has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer         took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not         only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially         unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing         Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus               PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
        </p>
   </div>
   <div id="headingtwo">
 		<h1>Heading Two</h1>
 		<img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-      		  background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      					b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			alt="Programming Picture">
 		<p>
        Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum      	 has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer         took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not         only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially         unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing         Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus               PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
        </p>
   </div>
   <div id="headingthree">
 		<h1>Heading Three</h1>
 		<img src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/programming-code-abstract-technology-      		  background-of-software-developer-picture-id1294521676?                      					b=1&k=20&m=1294521676&s=170667a&w=0&h=7pqhrZcqqbQq43Q0_TD0Y_YjInAyvA9xiht9bto030U=" 			alt="Programming Picture">
 		<p>
        Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum      	 has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer         took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not         only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially         unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing         Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus               PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
 		</p>
  </div>
 </body>
</html>

CSS 程式碼：

body{
 background-color:lightgray;
}
h1{
 color:red;
}

JavaScript 程式碼：

let scrollID;
let stopped = true;
let scrollSpeed = 2;  // 1 - Fast | 2 - Medium | 3 - Slow
let scrollInterval = scrollSpeed * 3;

function startScrolling() {
  let ID = setInterval(function() {
    window.scrollBy(0, 2);
    if ((window.innerHeight + window.scrollY) >= document.body.offsetHeight) {
      // Reached end of page
      stopScroll();
    }
  }, scrollInterval);
  return ID;
}

function stopScroll() {
  clearInterval(scrollID);
}

document.body.addEventListener('keypress', function(event) {
  if (event.which == 13 || event.keyCode == 13) {
    // It's the 'Enter' key
    if (stopped == true) {
      scrollID = startScrolling();
      stopped = false;
    } else {
      stopScroll();
      stopped = true;
    }
  }
}, true);

我們在此示例程式碼中使用了 setInterval 方法中的 scrollBy 函式來為滾動設定動畫。

當你希望頁面滾動到一定數量的畫素時，使用 scrollBy 方法。scrollBy 函式有兩個引數，x 和 y（都是必需的）。

setInterval() 方法在給定的時間間隔內呼叫一個函式。innerHeight 返回視窗的內部高度（以畫素為單位）。scrollY 返回 document 現在垂直滾動的畫素數。

名為 offsetHeight 的只讀屬性以整數形式返回元素的高度（在我們的示例中，它是 body 標籤）。此高度包括邊框和垂直填充。

如果按下 Enter 鍵，上面的程式碼會滾動網頁。並以兩種方式停止滾動，再次按下 Enter 鍵或 window.innerHeight 和 window.scrollY 之和大於或等於 document.body.offsetHeight。

作者： Mehvish Ashiq
Mehvish Ashiq avatar Mehvish Ashiq avatar

Mehvish Ashiq is a former Java Programmer and a Data Science enthusiast who leverages her expertise to help others to learn and grow by creating interesting, useful, and reader-friendly content in Computer Programming, Data Science, and Technology.

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